Physio for tennis elbow: outer elbow pain explained

What is tennis elbow?

Tennis elbow, also called lateral epicondylalgia, is pain on the outside of the elbow. It involves the tendons that attach the muscles used to lift your wrist and grip to the bony point of the elbow. Those tendons become sore and sensitive when the load on them rises faster than they can adapt.

Despite the name, it is often linked to everyday tasks: typing, using a mouse, gardening, using tools, lifting a kettle or carrying shopping, and repetitive work with the hands.

Common signs

• Pain or tenderness on the outer elbow
• Pain when gripping, lifting a cup, turning a door handle or shaking hands
• Pain that spreads down the forearm
• Weaker grip because of pain
• Pain after a change in activity, such as a new job, new hobby or more hours at a computer

How a physio can help

A physio will ask about your work, hobbies and what sets the pain off, and test your elbow, wrist, neck and grip. The goal is to help the tendon cope with load again. That usually means:

• Advice on adjusting the tasks that aggravate it, rather than stopping everything
• A progressive exercise program for the forearm muscles, often starting with gentle holds and building up
• Grip, technique and workstation changes
• Short-term pain relief options such as taping or a support strap
• Checking your neck and shoulder, which can sometimes contribute

Results usually come from sticking to the exercises over weeks rather than one or two sessions.

How long does it take?

Tennis elbow can take months to settle, and some people notice it improves slowly in the background while they keep up their exercises. Early on, pain can flare after heavy use. Your physio can help you pace it so it does not stall your progress.

Other options your doctor may discuss

If it is not improving, your doctor may talk to you about other options, such as a scan to check what is going on or an injection. Each has benefits and risks, so ask what is known about how well it works for your situation and what happens if you do nothing extra.

When to see a doctor first

• The pain started after a fall or a direct knock to the elbow
• You cannot fully straighten or bend your elbow
• You have numbness, tingling or weakness in the hand or fingers
• The elbow is swollen, hot or red, or you feel unwell with a fever
• The pain wakes you at night or is getting worse despite rest

Costs and funding

Physio fees vary. Private health extras often pay a rebate, and you do not usually need a referral. See our referral guide and cost guide.

Common questions

This guide is general information, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor or physio about your own situation.